Riba (Usury)
Riba dari segi makna bermaksud lebihan atau
pertambahan, manakala dari segi ekonomi, riba bermaksud lebihan pendapatan yang
diterima oleh pemiutang daripada penghutang daripada jumlah pinjaman pokok
sebagai ganjaran kerana menangguhkan penggunaan atau berpisah daripada modalnya
dalam tempoh tertentu. Selain itu, riba dalam Islam pula bermaksud lebihan yang
diminta melalui cara-cara yang tertentu.
In
terms of meaning, usury means excess or increase, while economically, usury means a surplus of the income received by the creditor of the
debtor of the amount of loan principal as a reward for postponing
consumption or part of its capital in a given period. In addition, the mean of usury in Islam is the excess of requested by certain ways.
Riba terbahagi kepada 2 jenis iaitu:
Usury are divided into two types:
Riba Al-Fadl
Riba Al-Fadl merujuk kepada aktiviti jual beli antara bahan ribawi
sama jenis tetapi tanpa persamaan timbangan atau sukatan yang sama semasa
berlakunya jual beli tersebut.
Riba Al-Fadl refers to the buying and selling activities which is involved the same type of product but without equality the same weight or measure
during the time of such purchase.
Riba Al-Nasiah
Riba Al-Nasiah pula merujuk kepada bahan ribawi sama jenis tetapi
melibatkan penangguhan bayaran, iaitu tanpa penyerahan di waktu yang sama.
Sebagai contoh, Riba Al-Nasiah berlaku apabila membeli sesuatu
jenis barangan dan dibayar dengan barangan yang sama juga tetapi urusniaga ini
tidak berlaku secara serentak. Riba Al-Nasiah ini, adalah diharamkan kerana
berlakunya penangguhan bayaran pada waktu yang lain.
Riba Al-Nasiah refer to the materials of the same type but involves the suspension of payments, namely without delivery at the same time. For example, Riba Al-Nasiah apply when buying a range of goods and paid with the same stuff but these transactions do not occur simultaneously. Al-Nasiah usury is forbidden because the occurrence of delay of payment at a later time.
Riba Al-Nasiah refer to the materials of the same type but involves the suspension of payments, namely without delivery at the same time. For example, Riba Al-Nasiah apply when buying a range of goods and paid with the same stuff but these transactions do not occur simultaneously. Al-Nasiah usury is forbidden because the occurrence of delay of payment at a later time.
Di dalam al-Quran riba merujuk kepada faedah atau bunga. Dalam ekonomi Islam, riba
diharamkan sama sekali kerana boleh membawa keburukan dan menanamkan perasaan
cinta terhadap wang dan keinginan untuk mengumpulkan harta demi kepentingan
diri sendiri. Riba menjadikan manusia bersikap sombong, bakhil, kedekut dan
berfikiran sempit. Manakala dari segi sosial, riba mendatangkan keburukan
dengan mengembangkan perasaan benci dan mementingkan diri sendiri seperti
firman Allah S.W.T. Pengamalan riba yang terlampau boleh
menyebabkan golongan miskin semakin miskin kerana bunga yang tinggi menyebabkan golongan miskin tidak mampu untuk membayarnya.
In the Quran, usury refers to the interest. In Islamic economics, usury is forbidden because they may cause harm and instill feelings of love toward money and the desire to accumulate wealth for its own sake. Usury makes people arrogant, miserly, stingy and narrow-minded. Whereas in terms of social, usury harmful to developing hatred and selfishness, as the word of Allah. Practicing usury, can cause poor getting poorer because of high interest rates caused the poor cannot afford to pay it.
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