Dunlop theory
John Thomas
Dunlop was born in July 5, 1914 and died in October 2, 2003. He was an American
administrator and labour scholar. John Thomas Dunlop, a sociologist, proposed
his theories of industrial relations in 1950’s. He looked at industrial
relations as consisting of three agents. First, the management organization.
Second, the workers and their formal and informal organization and the last,
government agencies. All the agencies exist within the broader environment
which includes element like political, economic, social, technological and
legal force. The three agent interact and negotiate with each other within the
influence of this common environment, and in the process determine the rules
and positions that determine the outcome of industrial relations system.
The idea of
industrial relations according to the Dunlop Theory is provides a means to
understanding the relationship between management and labour. The Dunlop Theory
takes factors into consideration and states that industrial relations has to be
viewed as a system instead of breaking the factors down. The three main factors
used for analysing an industrial relationship, are environment or external
forces, interactions between the characters. John Dunlop propose that three parties
which are employers, labour unions and government are the key actors in a
modern industrial relations system. He also argued that none of these
institutions could act in an autonomous or independent fashion. Instead they
were shaped, at least to some extent, by their market, technological and
political contexts.
The actor
which are hierarchy of mangers, the hierarchy of workers and specialized
government agencies are the central personas in an industrial system. The
interaction and relationship within the three creates the set of rules of the
workplace or the principles of the system administers the actors in the place
of work. The body of rules in the system administers the actors in the place of
work. The function of experts and professionals are very crucial in order to
establish and govern the body of the rules in the system. This are organized
and consists of:
1)
Procedure
and authority for making rules
2)
Substantives
rules related to market or budgetary constraints and related to distribution of
power in larger society such as compensation, duties and discipline as well as
the rules of discipline.
3)
Administration
of rules governing work place and the work community which involves policies of
management hierarchy, laws of worker hierarchy, regulations, decisions, orders
by government agencies, collective bargaining agreements and the customs and
traditions of work place and work community.
The entire industrial
relations system becomes stable because of the common ideology or beliefs
shared by the three actors of the industrial relations system. It should actors
of the industrial relations system. It should be fitting and consistent to
allow a mutual set of ideas that identifies an acceptable role for each actor.
This also characterizes and delineates both the position and function of each
in the entire system or their relationship with the rest of the actors. These
set of ideas or beliefs are the factors that integrate the system as a unit.
Displacement of the existing ideological equilibrium takes place when a belief
has a significant modification. Accordingly, this will create a new position or
set of rules within the entire system.
Marxist theory
Marxist theory is a
philosophical and economic system put forth by Karl Marx and Fried rich Engels.
It outline how society should be structured in a classless way, with the
workers being the most important entities. Full definition of Marxism is the
political, economic, and social principles and policies advocates by Mars
especially a theory and practice of socialism including the labour theory of
value, dialectical materialism, the class struggles, and dictatorship of the
proletariat until the establishment of a classless society.
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