The Purchase and Sale of Organs For Transplant Surgery

Case study 1: Should the purchase and sale of organs for transplant surgery be permitted.  Discuss the pro and cons of this proposal. 

In Malaysia the purchase and sale of organs are prohibited. There a no such laws and rules that allow the purchase and sale of organs in Malaysia. As we can see, there are a lot of patient who died because does not receive the organ donor. Even though the per capita number of organs donated has grown over time, demand has grown even faster. As a result, the length of the queue for organs transplants has grown significantly over time in most countries, despite exhortations and other attempts to encourage greater giving of organs. In United States, in the year 2000, almost 3000 persons died while waiting for a kidney transplant, and half that number died while waiting for a liver transplant. Many of them will go to China, India or Pakistan for transplant surgery and they are willing pay up to $200,000 to who sale their organs. 

Because the lack of organ donor in China, that country was takes organs executed prisoner for use in transplant operation. As stated in the “BORNEO POST online” on November 3, 2013 Hangzhou, China is the country that still systematically takes organs executed prisoners for use in transplant operation, and China plans to end the controversial practice by the middle of next year, based on senior official said in the group session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in Beijing. While in United States, has taken several steps to improve the allocation of available organs among those needing them, such as giving priority to those who could benefit the most. These steps have helped, however they have not stopped the queues from growing. 
The purchase and sales of organ for transplant surgery is very complicated to discuss because in Malaysia there is no such rules and laws for transplant surgery. Because of this, due to the shortage in the organ donation, there was exist the black market for illegal trade for human organs. Black market are the illegal trafficking of human organs. Black market in organ donation expend due to increasing in demand of human organs among desperate people. They willing go to poor country and pay any price to get the organs. For example, the cases in Turkey, they desperate to sales their organs to feed their family and to pay the debt.  Usually poor family, a parent does not willing to see their children getting hungry especially when they does not employed. They have no option and desperate to sales their organ to purchase life necessity due to difficult getting a jobs. It is hard to imagine many people in wealthy countries eager to sell their organs upon their death. In fact, even if compensation is relatively high, maybe few of them will agree to sell their organs. 

Every year, an estimated 10,000 operation involving illegally purchased organs take place. That’s more than one organ sold every hour, according to World Health Organization (WHO), a majority of which are kidneys. While nearly 100 countries took steps to halt “black market” traffic in human organs, there is evidence of resurgence in many countries, including the Philippines. The black market for illegal trafficking of human organs actually the faster or the easier step to get the organs. However black market human organs does not have approval from hospital or medical centre. So buyer does not know whether the organs are freely from diseases or not. For example the organs donor maybe have Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and without medical check-up and then them sales their organs to the buyers in the black market without know the organs are affected with HIV. The black market gives a higher risk to the organ receiver. Because the organ receiver may get disease such as Hepatitis B, HIV and other transmitted diseases due to no medical check-up for the organ before getting the organ.

Every day about a dozen people die waiting for organ transplants. The deaths are especially tragic since many might be prevented if more organs were available. Every day very hard choices have to be made about who will live and who will die. With close to 100,000 people on waiting lists for kidneys, hearts, livers, lungs, and intestines, the pressure to distribute scarce organs fairly and to find ways to increase their supply is enormous. Due to this problem government encourage people to donor their organs especially blood or other organs such as livers, kidneys and hearts when they die.  As we can see, the campaign of blood donation frequently held in Malaysia due to lack of blood donor. In general the purchase and sales of organs for transplant surgery should be allow in open market to face these problem. In open market the trade of the organ should be trade in the hospital where the donor make a medical screening before sales their organs. It is to make that the organ are freely from the diseases and the receiver does not affected by any diseases. With the open market, we will be able decrease the present of black market in trading the organs. 

In the Islam perspectives, the purchase and sales of organs for transplant surgery are prohibited, while the donation of organs are allowed to safe other people lives. It is because, human body is belong to Allah S.W.T and He does not allow human to sales and purchase the organs. Even though the purchase and sales are not allow in Islam there is other alternatives can be used to replace the human organ such as by using animal organs or by using the technology method. 

In conclusion, the open market are the best available way to enable person with defective organs to get transplants much more quickly under the present system. However in Islamic Islam perspectives, the purchase and sales of organs for transplant surgery are prohibited. The purchase and sales of human maybe can be permitted in the other country but not in Malaysia because Malaysia are the Islamic country. So government especially in Malaysia should encourage people to donate their organs to those who need the organs, whether they are lives or die. Then it will be able to reduce the existing trade of human organs in the black market.